> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://overleaf-pro.ayaka.space/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://overleaf-pro.ayaka.space/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/04-matrices.md).

# 矩阵

## amsmath 矩阵环境

该 `amsmath` 该宏包提供用于使用不同定界符排版矩阵的命令。一旦你加载了 `\usepackage{amsmath}` 在导言区中，你就可以在数学环境中使用以下环境：

| 类型                 | LaTeX 标记                                              | 显示为                                                 |
| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
| 普通                 | `\begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{matrix}`   | $$\begin{matrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{matrix}$$   |
| <p>圆括号；<br>圆括号</p> | `\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{pmatrix}` | $$\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{pmatrix}$$ |
| <p>方括号；<br>方括号</p> | `\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{bmatrix}` | $$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{bmatrix}$$ |
| <p>花括号；<br>花括号</p> | `\begin{Bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{Bmatrix}` | $$\begin{Bmatrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{Bmatrix}$$ |
| 竖线                 | `\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{vmatrix}` | $$\begin{vmatrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{vmatrix}$$ |
| 双竖线                | `\begin{Vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{Vmatrix}` | $$\begin{Vmatrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{Vmatrix}$$ |

如果你需要创建带有不同 [定界符](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/03-brackets-and-parentheses.md)，你可以手动将它们添加到普通 `矩阵`.

| LaTeX 标记                                                                       | 显示为                                                                        |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `\left\lceil \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{matrix} \right\rceil`   | $$\left\lceil\begin{matrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{matrix}\right\rceil$$   |
| `\left\langle \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{matrix} \right\rvert`  | $$\left\langle\begin{matrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{matrix}\right\rvert$$  |
| `\left\langle \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ a & b & c \end{matrix} \right\rangle` | $$\left\langle\begin{matrix}1 & 2 & 3\a & b & c\end{matrix}\right\rangle$$ |

## 行内矩阵

在排版行内数学时，通常 `矩阵` 上面的环境可能显得过大。此时最好使用 `smallmatrix` 在这种情况下，尽管你需要自己提供 [定界符](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/03-brackets-and-parentheses.md).

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\noindent 试着在这里排版一个行内矩阵：
 $\begin{pmatrix}
  a & b\\
  c & d
\end{pmatrix}$,
但它看起来太大了，所以我们试试
$\big(\begin{smallmatrix}
  a & b\\
  c & d
\end{smallmatrix}\big)$
。
\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中打开此 `smallmatrix` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=amsmath+matrix+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bamsmath%7D%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Cnoindent+Trying+to+typeset+an+inline+matrix+here%3A%0A+%24%5Cbegin%7Bpmatrix%7D%0A++a+%26+b%5C%5C+%0A++c+%26+d%0A%5Cend%7Bpmatrix%7D%24%2C++%0Abut+it+looks+too+big%2C+so+let%27s+try+%0A%24%5Cbig%28%5Cbegin%7Bsmallmatrix%7D%0A++a+%26+b%5C%5C%0A++c+%26+d%0A%5Cend%7Bsmallmatrix%7D%5Cbig%29%24+%0Ainstead.%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

下图显示了上述示例生成的输出：

![Amsmatrix.png](/files/1e0f473d1b61f8e253b04c6a6af625a55d08db4f)

该 `mathtools` 宏包提供 `psmallmatrix`, `bsmallmatrix` 等环境，方便使用。

## 进一步阅读

* [数学表达式](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/01-mathematical-expressions.md)
* [括号](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/03-brackets-and-parentheses.md)
* [使用 amsmath 对齐方程](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/06-aligning-equations-with-amsmath.md)
* [数学模式中的显示样式](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/10-display-style-in-math-mode.md)
* [LaTeX2ε 不那么简短的介绍](http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/)
* [amsmath 宏包文档](http://texdoc.net/pkg/amsmath)
* [mathtools 宏包文档](http://texdoc.net/pkg/mathtools)


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