> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://overleaf-pro.ayaka.space/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://overleaf-pro.ayaka.space/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/10-display-style-in-math-mode.md).

# 数学模式中的显示样式

## 引言

本文将介绍如何手动调整排版数学的样式——不过我们先快速回顾一下行内样式和显示样式数学在视觉上的区别。

与段落文本一起以内联（嵌入）方式排版的数学，需要比将同一数学放在段落文本之外、作为独立的显示样式内容排版时占用更少的空间。为了实际看看这一点，我们来说明方程 $$f(x) = \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x}$$ 可能发散或收敛，这取决于 $$x$$. 我们也可以将 $$f(x)$$ 在段落之外以显示样式排版：

$$f(x) = \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x}$$

即使粗略看一眼前面的例子，也能发现数学符号的大小和格式发生了变化，例如 $$\sum$$ 以及其上下限的位置，还有上标、下标和分数在大小/位置上的变化。

这些数学排版问题是 TeX 引擎内置的排版算法与数学字体中某些间距参数相互作用的结果。这些字体参数有助于根据所用数学字体的设计特征，对数学排版进行微调。

## 覆盖默认的数学样式

有时你可能希望更改用于排版某段数学内容的默认样式。例如，你可能想把行内数学，如 $$f(x) = \frac{1}{1+x}$$，并将其放入段落中，但以显示样式排版： $$\displaystyle f(x) = \frac{1}{1+x}$$，尽管它会对行距产生很大影响。

TeX 引擎提供了若干命令，可用于覆盖数学内容默认的排版样式：

* `\textstyle`：应用用于段落中数学排版的样式
* `\displaystyle`：应用用于单独成行数学排版的样式
* `\scriptstyle`：应用用于下标或上标的样式
* `\scriptscriptstyle`：应用用于二级下标或上标的样式

这个经典例子取自《TeXBook》第 142 页，不过我们把 `$$` 替换为 LaTeX 更偏好的 `\[` 和 `\]`:

```latex
\[
a_0+{1\over a_1+
      {1\over a_2+
        {1 \over a_3 +
           {1 \over a_4}}}}
\]
```

默认情况下，它被排版为：

$$a\_0+{1\over a\_1+{1\over a\_2 +{1 \over a\_3 + {1 \over a\_4}}}}$$

可以通过使用 `\displaystyle` 命令设置为特定值：

```latex
\[
a_0+{1\over\displaystyle a_1+
      {1\over\displaystyle a_2+
        {1 \over\displaystyle a_3 +
           {1 \over\displaystyle a_4}}}}
\]
```

得到

$$a\_0+{1\over\displaystyle a\_1+{1\over\displaystyle a\_2+{1 \over\displaystyle a\_3 +{1 \over\displaystyle a\_4}}}}$$

下面是另一个示例，用来展示 `\textstyle`, `\scriptstyle` 和 `\scriptscriptstyle`:

```latex
\[
\begin{align*}
f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\textstyle f(x) = \textstyle \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\scriptstyle f(x) = \scriptstyle \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\scriptscriptstyle f(x) = \scriptscriptstyle \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x}
\end{align*}
\]
```

其显示效果为 $$\begin{align\*} f(x) = \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x} \ \textstyle f(x) = \textstyle \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x} \ \scriptstyle f(x) = \scriptstyle \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x} \ \scriptscriptstyle f(x) = \scriptscriptstyle \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x} \end{align\*}$$

这是一个你可以在 Overleaf 中打开的示例：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\title{探索数学显示样式}
\author{Overleaf 团队}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
根据 \(x\) 的值，方程 \( f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \) 可能发散或收敛。

\[ f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \]

\vspace{1cm}

行内数学元素可以使用不同的样式设置：\(f(x) = \displaystyle \frac{1}{1+x}\)。显示数学内容也是如此：

\begin{align*}
f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\textstyle f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\scriptstyle f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\scriptscriptstyle f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x}
\end{align*}
\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中打开此示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Exploring+math+display+styles\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bamsmath%7D%0A%5Ctitle%7BExploring+math+display+styles%7D%0A%5Cauthor%7BOverleaf+team%7D%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Cmaketitle%0ADepending+on+the+value+of+%5C%28x%5C%29+the+equation+%5C%28+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%29+may+diverge+or+converge.%0A%0A%5C%5B+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%5D%0A%0A%5Cvspace%7B1cm%7D%0A%0AInline+maths+elements+can+be+set+with+a+different+style%3A+%5C%28f%28x%29+%3D+%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D%5C%29.+The+same+is+true+for+display+math+material%3A%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Balign%2A%7D%0Af%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%5C%0A%5Ctextstyle+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%5C%0A%5Cscriptstyle+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%5C%0A%5Cscriptscriptstyle+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D%0A%5Cend%7Balign%2A%7D%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

## 进一步阅读

更多信息请参见

* [数学表达式](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/01-mathematical-expressions.md)
* [下标和上标](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/02-subscripts-and-superscripts.md)
* [使用 amsmath 对齐方程](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/06-aligning-equations-with-amsmath.md)
* [数学模式中的间距](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/08-spacing-in-math-mode.md)
* [积分、求和与极限](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/09-integrals-sums-and-limits.md)
* [数学字体](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/12-mathematical-fonts.md)
* [LaTeX2ε 不那么简短的介绍](http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/)


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