> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://overleaf-pro.ayaka.space/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://overleaf-pro.ayaka.space/latex/zh-tw/shu-xue/10-display-style-in-math-mode.md).

# 數學模式中的顯示樣式

## 簡介

本文說明如何手動調整排版數學的樣式——但我們會先快速提醒一下行內與展示樣式數學之間肉眼可見的差異。

與段落文字一起以行內方式（在……之內）排版的數學，需要比同一段數學在段落文字外、作為獨立的展示樣式內容排版時佔用更少的空間。為了實際看看這點，讓我們來說明這個方程式 $$f(x) = \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x}$$ 可能發散或收斂，取決於 $$x$$的值。我們也可以將 $$f(x)$$ 在段落外以展示樣式排版：

$$f(x) = \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x}$$

即使只是粗略看一下前面的例子，也能看出數學符號在大小與格式上的變化，例如 $$\sum$$ 以及其上下限的位置，還有上標、下標與分數在大小／位置上的差異。

這些數學排版問題，是 TeX 引擎內建的排版演算法與數學字型中某些間距參數共同作用的結果。那些字型參數有助於依據所使用數學字型的設計特性，微調數學排版。

## 覆寫預設數學樣式

有時你可能想變更用來排版某段數學的預設樣式。例如，你可能想把行內數學，例如 $$f(x) = \frac{1}{1+x}$$，保留在段落中，但以展示樣式排版： $$\displaystyle f(x) = \frac{1}{1+x}$$，儘管它會大幅影響行距。

TeX 引擎提供了幾個指令，可用來覆寫某段數學的預設排版樣式：

* `\textstyle`：套用用於段落內數學排版的樣式
* `\displaystyle`：套用用於單獨成行的數學排版樣式
* `\scriptstyle`：套用用於下標或上標的樣式
* `\scriptscriptstyle`：套用用於二級下標或上標的樣式

典型範例取自《TeXBook》第 142 頁，不過我們已將 `$$` 改成 LaTeX 偏好的 `\[` 以及 `\]`:

```latex
\[
a_0+{1\over a_1+
      {1\over a_2+
        {1 \over a_3 +
           {1 \over a_4}}}}
\]
```

預設情況下，這會排版為：

$$a\_0+{1\over a\_1+{1\over a\_2 +{1 \over a\_3 + {1 \over a\_4}}}}$$

可以使用 `\displaystyle` 命令的更多內容：

```latex
\[
a_0+{1\over\displaystyle a_1+
      {1\over\displaystyle a_2+
        {1 \over\displaystyle a_3 +
           {1 \over\displaystyle a_4}}}}
\]
```

得到

$$a\_0+{1\over\displaystyle a\_1+{1\over\displaystyle a\_2+{1 \over\displaystyle a\_3 +{1 \over\displaystyle a\_4}}}}$$

這裡還有另一個例子，示範 `\textstyle`, `\scriptstyle` 以及 `\scriptscriptstyle`:

```latex
\[
\begin{align*}
f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\textstyle f(x) = \textstyle \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\scriptstyle f(x) = \scriptstyle \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\scriptscriptstyle f(x) = \scriptscriptstyle \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x}
\end{align*}
\]
```

其呈現如下 $$\begin{align\*} f(x) = \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x} \ \textstyle f(x) = \textstyle \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x} \ \scriptstyle f(x) = \scriptstyle \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x} \ \scriptscriptstyle f(x) = \scriptscriptstyle \sum\_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a\_i}{1+x} \end{align\*}$$

這裡有一個你可以在 Overleaf 中開啟的範例：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\title{探索數學展示樣式}
\author{Overleaf 團隊}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
根據 \(x\) 的值，方程式 \( f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \) 可能發散或收斂。

\[ f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \]

\vspace{1cm}

行內數學元素可以用不同的樣式來設定：\(f(x) = \displaystyle \frac{1}{1+x}\)。展示數學內容也是如此：

\begin{align*}
f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\textstyle f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\scriptstyle f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x} \\
\scriptscriptstyle f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n} \frac{a_i}{1+x}
\end{align*}
\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中開啟此範例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Exploring+math+display+styles\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bamsmath%7D%0A%5Ctitle%7BExploring+math+display+styles%7D%0A%5Cauthor%7BOverleaf+team%7D%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Cmaketitle%0ADepending+on+the+value+of+%5C%28x%5C%29+the+equation+%5C%28+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%29+may+diverge+or+converge.%0A%0A%5C%5B+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%5D%0A%0A%5Cvspace%7B1cm%7D%0A%0AInline+maths+elements+can+be+set+with+a+different+style%3A+%5C%28f%28x%29+%3D+%5Cdisplaystyle+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D%5C%29.+The+same+is+true+for+display+math+material%3A%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Balign%2A%7D%0Af%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%5C%0A%5Ctextstyle+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%5C%0A%5Cscriptstyle+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D+%5C%5C%0A%5Cscriptscriptstyle+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Csum_%7Bi%3D0%7D%5E%7Bn%7D+%5Cfrac%7Ba_i%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D%0A%5Cend%7Balign%2A%7D%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

## 延伸閱讀

更多資訊請參見

* [數學表達式](/latex/zh-tw/shu-xue/01-mathematical-expressions.md)
* [下標與上標](/latex/zh-tw/shu-xue/02-subscripts-and-superscripts.md)
* [使用 amsmath 對齊方程式](/latex/zh-tw/shu-xue/06-aligning-equations-with-amsmath.md)
* [數學模式中的間距](/latex/zh-tw/shu-xue/08-spacing-in-math-mode.md)
* [積分、加總與極限](/latex/zh-tw/shu-xue/09-integrals-sums-and-limits.md)
* [數學字型](/latex/zh-tw/shu-xue/12-mathematical-fonts.md)
* [LaTeX2ε 的不算太短的入門介紹](http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/)


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