> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://overleaf-pro.ayaka.space/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://overleaf-pro.ayaka.space/latex/zh-tw/wen-jian-jie-gou/06-nomenclatures.md). # 術語表 ## 簡介 縮寫與符號的列表在許多科學文件中很常見。這類列表可透過 LaTeX 使用 `nomencl` 套件建立。本文說明如何建立術語表，並自訂符號的排序與分組。 術語表條目的運作方式與索引條目相當類似： ```latex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature \begin{document} 範例如下： \nomenclature{\(c\)}{真空中的光速} \nomenclature{\(h\)}{普朗克常數} \printnomenclature \end{document} ``` [在 Overleaf 中開啟這個 `nomencl` 範例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+package+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D) ![Nomenclatures01OLV2.png](/files/4b07247f344d58bbdf52b26b8aae1616b1bc9fcf) 如往常一樣，套件是在導言區透過以下方式匯入： `\usepackage{nomencl}`。產生術語表的三個基本指令是： * `\makenomenclature`。通常會放在匯入套件之後立即使用。 * `\nomenclature`。用來定義術語表條目本身。接受兩個引數：符號與對應說明。 * `\printnomenclatures`。此指令會列印術語表清單。 ## 基本語法 在匯入 `nomencl` 套件時還可以使用其他選項。下一個範例示範如何將術語表加入目錄，以及如何變更預設語言： ```latex \documentclass{article} \usepackage[spanish]{babel} \usepackage[intoc, spanish]{nomencl} \makenomenclature \begin{document} \tableofcontents \section{第一節} Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Etiam lobortisfacilisis sem. Nullam nec mi et neque pharetra sollicitudin. Praesent imperdie... \nomenclature{\(c\)}{真空中的光速} \nomenclature{\(h\)}{普朗克常數} \printnomenclature \end{document} ``` [在 Overleaf 中開啟這個 `nomencl` 範例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+package+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Bspanish%5D%7Bbabel%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Bintoc%2C+spanish%5D%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Ctableofcontents%0A%0A%5Csection%7BPrimera+Secci%C3%B3n%7D%0A%0ALorem+ipsum+dolor+sit+amet%2C+consectetuer+adipiscing+elit.+Etiam+lobortisfacilisis+sem.+Nullam+nec+mi+et+neque+pharetra+sollicitudin.+Praesent+imperdie...%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D) ![Nomenclatures02OLV2.png](/files/3b51b57a1fd32b1326170b8ea92d8eb85805a502) 此處在匯入套件時使用的額外選項為： * `intoc` 將 **術語表** 加入目錄。 * `西班牙文` 變更語言，將預設標題 *術語表* 相應翻譯。支援的語言有： `克羅埃西亞文`, `丹麥文`, `english`, `french`, `德文`, `義大利文`, `波蘭文`, `葡萄牙文`, `russian`, `西班牙文` 和 `烏克蘭文`. 套件的其他實用功能包括 `nomencl` 手動設定術語表標題，以及新增額外註解的可能性。 ```latex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature \renewcommand{\nomname}{符號清單} \renewcommand{\nompreamble}{下一個清單將描述多個之後會在本文中使用的符號} \begin{document} 範例如下： \nomenclature{\(c\)}{真空中的光速} \nomenclature{\(h\)}{普朗克常數} \printnomenclature \end{document} ``` [在 Overleaf 中開啟這個 `nomencl` 範例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+package+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Crenewcommand%7B%5Cnomname%7D%7BList+of+Symbols%7D%0A%0A%5Crenewcommand%7B%5Cnompreamble%7D%7BThe+next+list+describes+several+symbols+that+will+be+later+used+within+the+body+of+the+document%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D) ![Nomenclatures03verbOLV2.png](/files/9482eaf7c7e85de2c16302f63fddf6781e26d9a0) 這一行 ``` \renewcommand{\nomname}{符號清單} ``` 會變更預設標題。 命令 ``` \renewcommand{\nompreamble}{下一個清單...} ``` 會在標題與符號清單之間插入一些文字。 ## 分組 若要依類型將符號分組，則需要額外處理。我們在每個符號前加上一個前綴，並使用 `etoolbox` 套件來比較這些前綴。 ```latex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature %% 此程式碼會建立群組 % ----------------------------------------- \usepackage{etoolbox} \renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{% \item[\bfseries \ifstrequal{#1}{P}{物理常數}{% \ifstrequal{#1}{N}{數集}{% \ifstrequal{#1}{O}{其他符號}{}}}% ]} % ----------------------------------------- \begin{document} 範例如下： \nomenclature[P]{\(c\)}{真空中的光速} \nomenclature[P]{\(h\)}{普朗克常數} \nomenclature[P]{\(G\)}{萬有引力常數} \nomenclature[N]{\(\mathbb{R}\)}{實數} \nomenclature[N]{\(\mathbb{C}\)}{複數} \nomenclature[N]{\(\mathbb{H}\)}{四元數} \nomenclature[O]{\(V\)}{定容} \nomenclature[O]{\(\rho\)}{摩擦指數} \printnomenclature \end{document} ``` [在 Overleaf 中開啟這個 `nomencl` 範例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+package+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bamssymb%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%25%25+This+code+creates+the+groups%0A%25+-----------------------------------------%0A%5Cusepackage%7Betoolbox%7D%0A%5Crenewcommand%5Cnomgroup%5B1%5D%7B%25%0A++%5Citem%5B%5Cbfseries%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BP%7D%7BPhysics+constants%7D%7B%25%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BN%7D%7BNumber+sets%7D%7B%25%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BO%7D%7BOther+symbols%7D%7B%7D%7D%7D%25%0A%5D%7D%0A%25+-----------------------------------------%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BP%5D%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BP%5D%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BP%5D%7B%5C%28G%5C%29%7D%7BGravitational+constant%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BN%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BR%7D%5C%29%7D%7BReal+numbers%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BN%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BC%7D%5C%29%7D%7BComplex+numbers%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BN%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BH%7D%5C%29%7D%7BQuaternions%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BO%5D%7B%5C%28V%5C%29%7D%7BConstant+volume%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BO%5D%7B%5C%28%5Crho%5C%29%7D%7BFriction+index%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D) ![Nomenclatures04OLV2.png](/files/74f1587ae716294092b87d8f0f71f456ecab5648) 這裡加入了一些額外的群組。這段程式碼沒那麼簡單，它使用了指令 `\ifstrequal{}{}{}{}`，前兩個引數是要比較的字串；如果它們相等，該詞條就會加入該群組，否則會檢查下一個巢狀條件。 請注意，現在每個 `\nomenclature` 指令在方括號內都多了一個額外引數，也就是前綴；它會在分組程式碼中使用。 如果 `etoolbox` 無法使用時，可以改用 `ifthen` 套件，它提供條件式 `\ifthenelse{}{}{}`，但語法稍微複雜一些： ```latex \usepackage{ifthen} \renewcommand{\nomgroup}[1]{% \item[\bfseries \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{P}}{物理常數}{% \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{O}}{其他符號}{% \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{N}}{數集}{}}}% ]} ``` 這會產生相同的術語表群組。 ## 為物理常數加入單位 另一個有趣的功能是使用 `siunitx` 套件來加入單位，並將它們對齊在對應條目的右側。為此，必須定義 `nomunit` 巨集，如以下範例所示： ```latex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{nomencl} \usepackage{siunitx} \usepackage{hyperref} \makenomenclature \hypersetup{ colorlinks=true, urlcolor=blue, } %% 這將加入子群組 %---------------------------------------------- \usepackage{etoolbox} \renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{% \item[\bfseries \ifstrequal{#1}{A}{物理常數}{% \ifstrequal{#1}{B}{數集}{% \ifstrequal{#1}{C}{其他符號}{}}}% ]} %---------------------------------------------- %% 這將加入單位 %---------------------------------------------- \newcommand{\nomunit}[1]{% \renewcommand{\nomentryend}{\hspace*{\fill}#1}} %---------------------------------------------- \title{術語表範例} \author{Overleaf 團隊} \date{\today} \begin{document} \maketitle \noindent 這是一個範例，說明 \texttt{nomencl} 套件如何運作，並透過 \texttt{siunitx} 套件排版單位。參考了 \href{https://www.nist.gov/pml/fundamental-physical-constants}{NIST} 來提供物理常數的數值及其對應單位——連結則透過 \texttt{hyperref} 套件提供： \nomenclature[A, 02]{\(c\)}{\href{https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c} {真空中的光速} \nomunit{\SI{299792458}{\meter\per\second}}} \nomenclature[A, 03]{\(h\)}{\href{https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h} {普朗克常數} \nomunit{\SI[group-digits=false]{6.62607015e-34}{\joule\per\hertz}}} \nomenclature[A, 01]{\(G\)}{\href{https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bg} {萬有引力常數} \nomunit{\SI[group-digits=false]{6.67430e-11}{\meter\cubed\per\kilogram\per\second\squared}}} \nomenclature[B, 03]{\(\mathbb{R}\)}{實數} \nomenclature[B, 02]{\(\mathbb{C}\)}{複數} \nomenclature[B, 01]{\(\mathbb{H}\)}{四元數} \nomenclature[C]{\(V\)}{定容} \nomenclature[C]{\(\rho\)}{摩擦指數} \printnomenclature \end{document} ``` [在 Overleaf 中開啟（範例使用 `nomencl` 和 `siunitx` 套件）。](/latex/zh-tw/wen-jian-jie-gou/06-nomenclatures.md) ![Nomcomplex.png](/files/05a6165ba668dbda697e7cfd6bf4643b921a95e5) ## 條目排序 這是預設排序順序： ```latex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature \begin{document} 範例如下： \nomenclature{\(+a\)}{運算子} \nomenclature{\(2a\)}{數字} \nomenclature{\(:a\)}{標點符號} \nomenclature{\(Aa\)}{大寫字母} \nomenclature{\(aa\)}{小寫字母} \nomenclature{\(\alpha\)}{希臘字元} \printnomenclature \end{document} ``` [在 Overleaf 中開啟這個 `nomencl` 範例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+default+sort+order\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28%2Ba%5C%29%7D%7BOperator%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%282a%5C%29%7D%7BNumber%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28%3Aa%5C%29%7D%7BPunctuation+symbol%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28Aa%5C%29%7D%7BUppercase+letter%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28aa%5C%29%7D%7BLowercase+letter%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28%5Calpha%5C%29%7D%7BGreek+character%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D) ![Nomenclatures05OLV2.png](/files/81b827a8bda7b502bbcce83b11ceaaa0d3b0a4f7) 請注意，由於反斜線的緣故，希臘字元會出現在字母字元之前 `\\` 中插入一個 `\\alpha`. 就像分組一樣，也可以使用前綴手動排序術語表條目： ```latex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature \begin{document} 範例如下： \nomenclature[06]{\(+a\)}{運算子} \nomenclature[03]{\(2a\)}{數字} \nomenclature[05]{\(:a\)}{標點符號} \nomenclature[04]{\(Aa\)}{大寫字母} \nomenclature[01]{\(aa\)}{小寫字母} \nomenclature[02]{\(\alpha\)}{希臘字元} \printnomenclature \end{document} ``` [在 Overleaf 中開啟這個 `nomencl` 範例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Sorting+nomencl+entries\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B06%5D%7B%5C%28%2Ba%5C%29%7D%7BOperator%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B03%5D%7B%5C%282a%5C%29%7D%7BNumber%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B05%5D%7B%5C%28%3Aa%5C%29%7D%7BPunctuation+symbol%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B04%5D%7B%5C%28Aa%5C%29%7D%7BUppercase+letter%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B01%5D%7B%5C%28aa%5C%29%7D%7BLowercase+letter%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B02%5D%7B%5C%28%5Calpha%5C%29%7D%7BGreek+character%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D) ![Nomenclatures06OLV2.png](/files/10f398db976a027e92b8eebd547e1b57622f7dd9) 方括號中的數字決定對應符號的列印順序。也可以將分組與手動排序結合： ```latex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature \usepackage{etoolbox} \renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{% \item[\bfseries \ifstrequal{#1}{A}{物理常數}{% \ifstrequal{#1}{B}{數集}{% \ifstrequal{#1}{C}{其他符號}{}}}% ]} \begin{document} 範例如下： \nomenclature[A, 02]{\(c\)}{真空中的光速} \nomenclature[A, 03]{\(h\)}{普朗克常數} \nomenclature[A, 01]{\(G\)}{萬有引力常數} \nomenclature[B, 03]{\(\mathbb{R}\)}{實數} \nomenclature[B, 02]{\(\mathbb{C}\)}{複數} \nomenclature[B, 01]{\(\mathbb{H}\)}{八元數} \nomenclature[C]{\(V\)}{定容} \nomenclature[C]{\(\rho\)}{摩擦指數} \printnomenclature \end{document} ``` [在 Overleaf 中開啟這個 `nomencl` 範例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Grouping+and+sorting+with+nomencl\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bamssymb%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cusepackage%7Betoolbox%7D%0A%5Crenewcommand%5Cnomgroup%5B1%5D%7B%25%0A++%5Citem%5B%5Cbfseries%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BA%7D%7BPhysics+Constants%7D%7B%25%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BB%7D%7BNumber+Sets%7D%7B%25%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BC%7D%7BOther+Symbols%7D%7B%7D%7D%7D%25%0A%5D%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BA%2C+02%5D%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BA%2C+03%5D%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BA%2C+01%5D%7B%5C%28G%5C%29%7D%7BGravitational+constant%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BB%2C+03%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BR%7D%5C%29%7D%7BReal+numbers%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BB%2C+02%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BC%7D%5C%29%7D%7BComplex+numbers%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BB%2C+01%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BH%7D%5C%29%7D%7BOctonions%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BC%5D%7B%5C%28V%5C%29%7D%7BConstant+volume%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BC%5D%7B%5C%28%5Crho%5C%29%7D%7BFriction+index%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D) ![Nomenclatures07OLV2.png](/files/209ba4058ed77708f2d4733664db115ce4e2fdd0) 請注意，用於分組的大寫字母與上一節範例中的不同，因為該字母是用來排序群組的。 ## 延伸閱讀 詳情請見： * [詞彙表](/latex/zh-tw/wen-jian-jie-gou/05-glossaries.md) * [多檔案 LaTeX 專案](/latex/zh-tw/wen-jian-jie-gou/08-multi-file-latex-projects.md) * [文字對齊](/latex/zh-tw/ge-shi-hua/06-text-alignment.md) * [粗體、斜體與底線](/latex/zh-tw/latex-ji-chu/03-bold-italics-and-underlining.md) * [數學表達式](/latex/zh-tw/shu-xue/01-mathematical-expressions.md) * [建立與重新定義巨集](/latex/zh-tw/zhi-ling/01-commands.md) * [`nomencl` 套件說明文件](http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CTAN/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf) * [`ifthen` 套件說明文件](http://texdoc.net/texmf-dist/doc/latex/base/ifthen.pdf) * [`etoolbox` 套件說明文件](http://mirror.math.ku.edu/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/etoolbox/etoolbox.pdf) --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. 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